hello,
sorry for my english.
i had the same problem after upgrading from SL 10.6.8 to ML 10.8.5... no sound from youtube, soundcloud & whole internet.
still audio from iTunes and DAW`s
the only thing that helped is here:
https://discussions.apple.com/message/23460470#23460470i don`t know what it does and how it works... but for me it solved the problem.
i followed the instructions... booted from usb stick and reinstalled 10.8.... tested it under 10.8 (worked) and updated to 10.8.5. (worked)
here is the text (copy & paste)
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If you have more than one user account, these instructions must be carried out as an administrator.
Triple-click anywhere in the line below to select it:
syslog -k Sender kernel -k Message CSeq "I/O error" | tail | open -f -a TextEdit
Copy the selected text to the Clipboard (command-C).
Launch the Terminal application in any of the following ways:
☞ Enter the first few letters of its name into a Spotlight search. Select it in the results (it should be at the top.)
☞ In the Finder, select Go ▹ Utilities from the menu bar, or press the key combination shift-command-U. The application is in the folder that opens.
☞ Open LaunchPad. Click Utilities, then Terminal in the icon grid.
Paste into the Terminal window (command-V).
The command may take a noticeable amount of time to run. Wait for a new line ending in a dollar sign (“$”) to appear.
A TextEdit window will open with the output of the command. Normally the window will be empty. If you get output like this:
kernel[0] <Debug>: disk0s2: I/O error
the boot drive is failing, or there's some other hardware fault in the storage subsystem.
If the window is empty, continue.
Back up all data.
Boot into Recovery mode. When the OS X Utilities screen appears, follow the prompts to reinstall the OS. You don't need to erase the boot volume, and you won't need your backup unless something goes wrong. If your Mac was upgraded from an older version of OS X, you’ll need the Apple ID and password you used to upgrade, so make a note of those before you begin.
If you installed the Java runtime distributed by Apple and still need it, you'll have to reinstall it.
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